Please follow the direct link to IBM. Use IBM Installation Manager to select, download, and install only. Life With My Sister Madonna Wiki.
Open Database Connectivity - Wikipedia. In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An application written using ODBC can be ported to other platforms, both on the client and server side, with few changes to the data access code. ODBC accomplishes DBMS independence by using an ODBC driver as a translation layer between the application and the DBMS. The application uses ODBC functions through an ODBC driver manager with which it is linked, and the driver passes the query to the DBMS. An ODBC driver can be thought of as analogous to a printer driver or other driver, providing a standard set of functions for the application to use, and implementing DBMS- specific functionality.
In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS).
An application that can use ODBC is referred to as . Any ODBC- compliant application can access any DBMS for which a driver is installed. Drivers exist for all major DBMSs, many other data sources like address book systems and Microsoft Excel, and even for text or comma- separated values (CSV) files. ODBC was originally developed by Microsoft and Simba Technologies during the early 1. Call Level Interface (CLI) standardized by SQL Access Group in the Unix and mainframe field. ODBC retained several features that were removed as part of the CLI effort.
- Rapidly develop, manage and deploy business apps, delivered as SaaS in the cloud. Automate decision processes with a no-code business rules engine.
- The SAP Support Portal is SAP's primary customer-facing website, which provides access to support tools, services and applications, as well as related documentation.
- Note: Your browser does not support JavaScript or it is turned off. Press the button to proceed.
- Generally, a download manager enables downloading of large files or multiples files in one session. Many web browsers, such as Internet Explorer 9, include a download.
- Recommended for: Application Developers With Crystal Reports XI Developer you can create and integrate reports into web/server based applications.
- The complete data access solution; the SimbaEngine SDK enables you to add industry standard data access via ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET and OLE DB. Try it now free.
Full ODBC was later ported back to those platforms, and became a de facto standard considerably better known than CLI. The CLI remains similar to ODBC, and applications can be ported from one platform to the other with few changes. History. Generally these systems operated together with a simple command processor that allowed users to type in English- like commands, and receive output. The best- known examples are SQL from IBM and QUEL from the Ingres project. These systems may or may not allow other applications to access the data directly, and those that did use a wide variety of methodologies. The introduction of SQL aimed to solve the problem of language standardization, although substantial differences in implementation remained. Also, since the SQL language had only rudimentary programming features, users often wanted to use SQL within a program written in another language, say Fortran or C.
This led to the concept of Embedded SQL, which allowed SQL code to be embedded within another language. For instance, a SQL statement like SELECT * FROM city could be inserted as text within C source code, and during compiling it would be converted into a custom format that directly called a function within a library that would pass the statement into the SQL system. Results returned from the statements would be interpreted back into C data formats like char * using similar library code. There were several problems with the Embedded SQL approach. Like the different varieties of SQL, the Embedded SQLs that used them varied widely, not only from platform to platform, but even across languages on one platform – a system that allowed calls into IBM's DB2 would look very different from one that called into their own SQL/DS.
The SQL market referred to this as static SQL, versus dynamic SQL which could be changed at any time, like the command- line interfaces that shipped with almost all SQL systems, or a programming interface that left the SQL as plain text until it was called. Dynamic SQL systems became a major focus for SQL vendors during the 1. Older mainframe databases, and the newer microcomputer based systems that were based on them, generally did not have a SQL- like command processor between the user and the database engine. Instead, the data was accessed directly by the program – a programming library in the case of large mainframe systems, or a command line interface or interactive forms system in the case of d. BASE and similar applications. Data from d. BASE could not generally be accessed directly by other programs running on the machine.
Those programs may be given a way to access this data, often through libraries, but it would not work with any other database engine, or even different databases in the same engine. In effect, all such systems were static, which presented consider. Early efforts. Under this model, large mainframes and minicomputers would be used primarily to serve up data over local area networks to microcomputers that would interpret, display and manipulate that data. For this model to work, a data access standard was a requirement – in the mainframe field it was highly likely that all of the computers in a shop were from one vendor and clients were computer terminals talking directly to them, but in the micro field there was no such standardization and any client might access any server using any networking system. By the late 1. 98. Some of these were mainframe related, designed to allow programs running on those machines to translate between the variety of SQL's and provide a single common interface which could then be called by other mainframe or microcomputer programs. These solutions included IBM's Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA) and Apple Computer's Data Access Language.
Much more common, however, were systems that ran entirely on microcomputers, including a complete protocol stack that included any required networking or file translation support. One of the early examples of such a system was Lotus Development's Data. Lens, initially known as Blueprint. Blueprint, developed for 1- 2- 3, supported a variety of data sources, including SQL/DS, DB2, FOCUS and a variety of similar mainframe systems, as well as microcomputer systems like d. Base and the early Microsoft/Ashton- Tate efforts that would eventually develop into Microsoft SQL Server.
Instead, programmers used data structures to store the query information, constructing a query by linking many of these structures together. Lotus referred to these compound structures as query trees. Around the same time, an industry team including members from Sybase (Tom Haggin), Tandem Computers (Jim Gray & Rao Yendluri) and Microsoft (Kyle G)were working on a standardized dynamic SQL concept.
Much of the system was based on Sybase's DB- Library system, with the Sybase- specific sections removed and several additions to support other platforms. DB- Library was aided by an industry- wide move from library systems that were tightly linked to a specific language, to library systems that were provided by the operating system and required the languages on that platform to conform to its standards. This meant that a single library could be used with (potentially) any programming language on a given platform.
The first draft of the Microsoft Data Access API was published in April 1. Lotus' announcement of Blueprint.
In spite of Blueprint's great lead – it was running when MSDA was still a paper project – Lotus eventually joined the MSDA efforts as it became clear that SQL would become the de facto database standard. After considerable industry input, in the summer of 1. SQL Connectivity (SQLC). SAG and CLI. At the first meeting there was considerable debate over whether or not the effort should work solely on the SQL language itself, or attempt a wider standardization which included a dynamic SQL language- embedding system as well, what they called a Call Level Interface (CLI). While attending the meeting with an early draft of what was then still known as MS Data Access, Kyle Geiger of Microsoft invited Jeff Balboni and Larry Barnes of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) to join the SQLC meetings as well.
SQLC was a potential solution to the call for the CLI, which was being led by DEC. The new SQLC . The SAG responded by opening the standard effort to any competing design, but of the many proposals, only Oracle Corp had a system that presented serious competition. In the end, SQLC won the votes and became the draft standard, but only after large portions of the API were removed – the standards document was trimmed from 1. It was also during this period that the name Call Level Interface was formally adopted.
In 1. 99. 5 SQL/CLI became part of the international SQL standard, ISO/IEC 9. These included features like scrollable cursors, and metadata information queries. The commands in the API were split into groups; the Core group was identical to the CLI, the Level 1 extensions were commands that would be easy to implement in drivers, while Level 2 commands contained the more advanced features like cursors. A proposed standard was released in December 1. ODBC. JET and ODBC.
Jet combined three primary subsystems; an ISAM- based database engine (also named Jet, confusingly), a C- based interface allowing applications to access that data, and a selection of driver dynamic- link libraries (DLL) that allowed the same C interface to redirect input and output to other ISAM- based databases, like Paradox and x. Base. Jet allowed using one set of calls to access common microcomputer databases in a fashion similar to Blueprint, by then renamed Data.
Lens. However, Jet did not use SQL; like Data. Lens, the interface was in C and consisted of data structures and function calls. The SAG standardization efforts presented an opportunity for Microsoft to adapt their Jet system to the new CLI standard. This would not only make Windows a premier platform for CLI development, but also allow users to use SQL to access both Jet and other databases as well. What was missing was the SQL parser that could convert those calls from their text form into the C- interface used in Jet. To solve this, MS partnered with Page.
Ahead Software to use their existing query processor, SIMBA. SIMBA was used as a parser above Jet's C library, turning Jet into an SQL database. And because Jet could forward those C- based calls to other databases, this also allowed SIMBA to query other systems. Microsoft included drivers for Excel to turn its spreadsheet documents into SQL- accessible database tables.
SAP Crystal Reports 2. Free download and software reviews. From SAP. Trusted name in reporting - report authors and developers have been using SAP Crystal Reports software for almost two decades to create powerful, user- friendly, and dynamic reports from virtually any data source.
You can transform overwhelming amounts of transactional and relational data into richly formatted reports and deliver actionable information inside and external to your organization. Flexible, customizable report design - Create highly formatted, pixel- perfect reports quickly with SAP Crystal Reports' intuitive design interface and efficient workflows. Dashboards and visualizations - Generate interactive dashboards and report visualizations without the need for any coding. Broad data connectivity - Connect to information sources spread across the organization directly.
Data sources include: Native, ODBC, OLE DB, and JDBC connectivity to relational, OLAP, Web services, XML, enterprise data sources, and salesforce. Powerful report delivery options - Deliver personalized reports to your business users' preferred destination in their preferred language and format.
Expanded support for Excel - XLSX export takes full advantage of the new Excel file format by allowing more data to be exported to a single worksheet, without spanning multiple worksheets. Read- only report viewing - The new RPTR format provides a read- only RPT export option, giving you the confidence that users won't be able to modify reports.
SAP Crystal Dashboard Design software, Adobe Flex, and Adobe Flash integration - Enable SAP Crystal Reports developers to produce powerful .